Color Change of Different Dual-Cure Resin Cements After Thermocycling / Cambio de color de diferentes cementos de resina de curado doble después del termociclaje

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the color change of the amine-free dual-cure resin cements. IPS e.max CAD blocs were cut into specimens of 1 mm thickness (N=28) and cemented with one of the 4 different amine-free dual-cure resin cements (NX3 Nexus [NX], Kerr Dental; Variolink Esthetic DC [VE], Ivoclar Vivadent; Panavia V5 [PV], Kuraray Dental; G-CEM Linkforce [GC], GC Corporation) (n=7). A spectrophotometer was used for color measurements. Specimens were subjected to thermocycling (5°C and 55°C; 5000 and 10000 cycles). Normality of data distribution was tested by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p<0.05.∆E values were significantly influenced by the resin cements and the cycle periods (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between NX and VE groups after 5000 thermocycling, however after 10000 thermocycling VE group showed higher ∆E1 values than NX group (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the ∆E0 and ∆E1 values of the GC group, however the other groups were affected after 10000 thermocycling (p>0.05). Amine-free resin cements used for cementation showed color change after thermocycling except GC group. All resin cements were showed clinically acceptable color change after thermocycling (∆E<3.5).

RESUMEN El propósito de este estudio es evaluar el efecto del termociclaje en el cambio de color de los cementos de resina de doble curado sin aminas. Los bloques IPS e.max CAD se cortaron en muestras de 1 mm de espesor (N=28) y se cementaron con uno de los 4 diferentes cementos de resina de curado doble libres de aminas (NX3 Nexus [NX], Kerr Dental; Variolink Esthetic DC [VE], Ivoclar Vivadent; Panavia V5 [PV], Kuraray Dental; G-CEM Linkforce [GC], GC Corporation) (n=7). Se usó un espectrofotómetro para las mediciones de color. Las muestras se sometieron a termociclaje (5°C y 55°C; 5000 y 10000 ciclos). La normalidad de la distribución de datos se probó utilizando la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un análisis de varianza de dos vías (ANOVA) y las pruebas de comparación múltiple de Tukey a un nivel de significación de p<0.05. Los valores de ∆E fueron significativamente influenciados por los cementos de resina y los períodos de ciclo (p<0.05). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos NX y VE después de 5000 termociclos, sin embargo, después de 10000, el grupo VE mostró valores ∆E1 mayores que el grupo NX (p>0.05). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valoresn∆E0 y ∆E1 del grupo GC, no obstante, los otros grupos se vieron afectados después de 10000 termociclos (p>0.05). Cementos de resina libres de aminas. utilizados para la cementación mostró cambio de color después del termociclaje, excepto el grupo GC. Todos los cementos de resina mostraron un cambio de color clínicamente aceptable después del termociclaje (∆E<3.5).

Effect of different methods of hygiene on the color stability of extrinsically pigmented facial silicone

Evaluate the color stability of facial silicone pigmented extrinsically under the influence of the hygiene process. Methods: 160 samples were prepared and divided into 8 groups (n = 20) according to the pigmentation technique used: Group 1: Colorless silicone; Group 2: Pigmented exclusively with oil ink; Group 3: Pigmented with oil ink + opacifier; Group 4: Colorless, applying Prime; Group 5: Pigmented with oil ink covered with Prime; Group 6: Pigmented with oil ink + opacifier and covered with Prime; Group 7: Pigmented with oil ink diluted in Prime; Group 8: Pigmented with oil ink + opacifier diluted in Prime. Then the samples were distributed into two subgropus (n=10): 1: neutral soap and 2: 1% hypochlorite solution. The color readings occurred in the initial period and 60 days after the hygiene procedures. For this, it was used a spectrophotometer reflection and CIE-Lab program. The data was tabulated and submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (p <0.05). Results: The groups of samples disinfected with soap showed significantly lower color change values than those presented by the samples disinfected with hypochlorite. The best results were presented by the group of samples pigmented with oil ink diluted in prime and sanitized with neutral soap (ΔE=1.21, without opacifier and ΔE=0.82, with opacifier). Conclusions: The association of oil ink diluted in prime and hygiene technique with soap promotes the lower color change of facial silicone pigmented extrinsically

Uso de colorantes alternativos en prótesis nasal: reporte de un caso / Use of alternative colorants in nasal prosthesis: report of a case

Fundamento: la apariencia está en relación directa con la estabilidad emocional, de ahí que los defectos bucomaxilofaciales generan severos conflictos de identidad y socialización y en muchos casos los afectados se traumatizan y se aíslan de los grupos sociales, pero una adecuada rehabilitación que devuelva a estos individuos la estética facial que cumplan sus expectativas, puede minimizar la repercusión que representa estas limitaciones e insertarse una vez más en la sociedad. Objetivo: describir la confección de una prótesis nasal de resina acrílica con la utilización de colorantes alternativos. Caso clínico: se presenta a consulta de Prótesis del Policlínico Universitario Julio Antonio Mella de Camagüey, paciente blanco, masculino, de 71 años de edad, remitido del Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech con el propósito de cambiar la prótesis nasal en uso. El paciente fue intervenido de manera quirúrgica varias veces de un carcinoma en la nariz en el que quedó como secuela la pérdida de su apéndice y parte del maxilar, que le impide realizar correctamente la deglución, respiración, fonación y gran compromiso estético que lo afecta psíquicamente por la pérdida de su órgano y por la prótesis nasal en uso pues está desajustada y con cambio de coloración. Conclusiones: con la utilización de los polvos cosmético como coloración alternativa se realizó la prótesis nasal acrílica donde se logró la estética deseada por el pacientes, su rehabilitación morfofuncional lo que elevó su autoestima y la reincorporación a la sociedad.

Background: appearance is directly related to the emotional security, so that defects bucomaxilofaciales generate harsh conflicts of identity and socialization and in many instances sufferers become psychologically traumatized and they get away from the social groups, but an adequate rehabilitation that returns the facial esthetics to these individuals and that her expectations fulfill, the repercussion that represents these limitations can reach a minimum, and. Objective: describing the confection of a nasal prosthesis of acrylic resin with the utilization of alternative colorants. Clinical case: he shows up for consultation of Prótesis of the Policlínico Universitario Julius Antonio Mella of Camaguey, the patient A.M.R, white, masculine of 71 years of age, release of the Service of Maxillofacial Cirugía of the Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech in order to change the nasal prosthesis in use. The patient was performed surgery on several times of a carcinoma on the nose in which the loss of its appendix and part of the jawbone was left as consequence, that it prevents him from accomplishing the swallowing, respiration, phonation and great esthetic commitment that affects it psychicly for the loss of his organ and for the nasal prosthesis in use correctly; Because it is unadjusted and with change of coloration. Conclusion: with the utilization of the dusts cosmetic as alternative coloration came true the nasal acrylic prosthesis where managed to to him the desired esthetics for the patient his rehabilitation morfofuncional bolstering up his self-esteem and the reincorporation to the society.

Prótese nasal implantorretida por magnetos ­ relato de caso com cinco anos de acompanhamento / Magnet-retained nasal prosthesis ­ case report with 5-year follow-up

O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar, por meio de um caso clínico, a reabilitação de uma paciente com uma prótese nasal implantorretida. A mesma possuía 68 anos de idade e foi encaminhada para a reabilitação nasal pela equipe que realizou a cirurgia oncológica de um tumor de pele na região do seu nariz. A paciente reportou queixa com relação à estética da face e problemas no convívio social. Foi proposta reabilitação com prótese nasal, com implantes osseointegráveis associados ao sistema de retenção por magnetos. Após cinco anos e dez meses, três novas próteses foram fabricadas devido a queixas da paciente em relação à descoloração da peça. Na última consulta, a prótese foi removida e inspecionada, e se constatou problemas na higienização, motivo das pigmentações escurecidas na superfície interna da peça e do exsudato no tecido mole ao redor dos pilares protéticos. Foram realizadas a limpeza da barra e do tecido mole, e a confecção de novas próteses nasais implantorretidas à base de silicone elastomérico, além de instrução sobre a necessidade de higienização. Constatou-se que próteses nasais implantorretidas à base de silicone elastomérico são eficientes e seguras para a reabilitação de defeitos na região do nariz. Além disso, é extremamente necessário que o profissional transmita aos pacientes a necessidade de uma higienização satisfatória, solicitando retornos periódicos para obter o máximo do desempenho clínico de suas próteses e implantes.

The aim of present study was to report the rehabilitation of a patient with magnet-retained nasal prosthesis. A 68-year-old female patient was referred to nasal rehabilitation by the surgical team that performed the removal of a skin nose tumor. The patient complained about her facial aesthetics and also reported fearing social interactions. The rehabilitation with nasal prosthesis associated with osseointegrated implants, and retained by magnets was proposed to the patient. After 5 years and 10 months, 3 new prostheses have been fabricated because the patient complained about their discoloration. In the last check-up, the prosthesis was removed and visual inspection revealed lack of hygiene maintenance, which resulted in dark pigments in the intaglio surface as well as exudate in the peri-implant soft skin. The prosthetic components and soft tissue were cleaned, the fabrication of new magnet-retained nasal prosthesis was performed and instructions about the necessity of oral hygiene were also transmitted. The implant-retained nasal prosthesis is an effi cient and safe method for the rehabilitation of defects in the nasal area. Furthermore, it is extremely necessary that clinicians advise patients to perform satisfactory hygiene maintenance and periodic controls in order to obtain long-term success in such cases.

Effect of the amount of thickness reduction on color and translucency of dental monolithic zirconia ceramics

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of amount of thickness reduction on color and translucency of dental monolithic zirconia ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred sixty-five monolithic zirconia specimens (16.3 mm x 16.3 mm x 2.0 mm) were divided into 5 groups (Group I to V) according to the number of A2-coloring liquid applications. Each group was then divided into 11 subgroups by reducing the thickness up to 1.0 mm in 0.1-mm increments (Subgroup 0 to 10, n=3). Colors and spectral distributions were measured according to CIELAB on a reflection spectrophotometer. All measurements were performed on five different areas of each specimen. Color difference (DeltaE*(ab)) and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Scheffe test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences in CIE L* between Subgroup 0 and other subgroups in all groups. CIE a* increased (0.523.7) were obtained between Subgroup 0 and other subgroups. TP values generally increased as the thickness reduction increased in all groups (R2>0.89, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Increasing thickness reduction reduces lightness and increases a reddish, bluish appearance, and translucency of monolithic zirconia ceramics.

Color variation of acrylic resins immersed in pigment beverages according to the consume habits: a pilot study

AIM: evaluate the color changes in acrylic resins immersed in two pigmented beverages in different time periods, proportional to the frequency and volume of consume by the population with and without the use of artificial saliva. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty thermo-polymerizable resin disks were confectioned with 3.0 +- 0.1 mm thickness, initially immersed in distilled water for 24 hours and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=15): GC ­ with artificial saliva and GS ­ without artificial saliva. They were, then, subdivided into 3 subgroups (n=5): G1 ­ distilled water (control); G2 ­ red wine; G3 ­ black tea. These groups were daily immersed inside beverages for 15 days, with daily immersion frequency equal to the beverage ingestion and the period of each immersion equal to 1 minute/10 ml of beverage per capita. Between each immersion the disks were stored inside distilled water. The color of resins was measured according to the CIE-Lab scale before and after the immersion periods, and the color variation was calculated (ΔE). The values ΔL*, Δa* e Δb* were also evaluated. RESULTS: Analysis of variance was performed, and have shown significant difference (p<0.05) among G1 and the other solutions, without significant difference between G2 and G3 for ΔE, ΔL, Δa and the module Δb. There was no difference between GC and GS. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the use of artificial saliva did not change pigmentation degree and that wine presents similar changes to the tea, considering the parameters used.

Evaluation of color matching ability according to the color temperature and the experience of practitioner / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different experience level and different light source on shade selection ability comparing prosthodontist group and dental student group under 4,000 K and 5,500 K light. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After color difference of Vitapan 3D-master shade guides was measured, 3 sets of 5 shade tabs were selected with similar value but have different chroma (set a, b, c). Also 3 sets of 5 shade tabs were selected with similar chroma but have different values (set d, e, f). Under 4,000 K and 5,500 K light sources, ten prosthodontists and ten dental students were allowed to match in one set of 5 tabs the same shade tab with the tab which was originally selected in the other set of 5 tabs. Color differences of original tab and matched tab were measured by spectrophotometer and the shade selection ability was evaluated with those data. Evaluation of color difference value was performed in regard to different light conditions and different level of experience, followed by t-test with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Color difference values under 4,000 K and 5,500 K light source were 1.62 +/- 2.0, and 1.33 +/- 1.7 respectively. In addition, color difference values of prosthodontist group and dental student group were 1.34 +/- 1.7, and 1.61 +/- 2.0 respectively. Difference of shade selection ability was not found under either different light sources (P=.398), or different experience level (P=.221). CONCLUSION: Level of experience did not affect on the shade selection ability when prosthodontists and dental students matched the shades with the same shade tab under the same light source.

Difference in the color stability of direct and indirect resin composites

Indirect resin composites are generally regarded to have better color stability than direct resin composites since they possess higher conversion degree. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at comparing the changes in color (ΔE) and color coordinates (ΔL, Δa and Δb) of one direct (Estelite Sigma: 16 shades) and 2 indirect resin composites (BelleGlass NG: 16 shades; Sinfony: 26 shades) after thermocycling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Resins were packed into a mold and light cured; post-curing was performed on indirect resins. Changes in color and color coordinates of 1-mm-thick specimens were determined after 5,000 cycles of thermocycling on a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: ΔE values were in the range of 0.3 to 1.2 units for direct resins, and 0.3 to 1.5 units for indirect resins, which were clinically acceptable (ΔE<3.3). Based on t-test, ΔE values were not signifcantly different by the type of resins (p>0.05), while ΔL, Δa and Δb values were signifcantly different by the type of resins (p<0.05). For indirect resins, ΔE values were infuenced by the brand, shade group and shade designation based on three-way ANOVA (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Direct and indirect resin composites showed similar color stability after 5,000 cycles of thermocycling; however, their changes in the color coordinates were different.

Efeito da desinfecção química e do envelhecimento acelerado sobre a estabilidade dimensional, reprodução e manutenção de detalhes e estabilidade de cor do silicone facial Silastic MDX 4-4210 com opacificador / Effect of chemical disinfection and accelerated aging, on the dimensional stability, details reproduction and color stability of Silastic MDX 4-4210 facial prosthesis silicon with opacifier

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade dimensional, reprodução de detalhes e estabilidade de cor de silicone facial, com adição ou não de pigmento e opacificador; sob influência da desinfecção química e do envelhecimento acelerado. Para isso, foram obtidas 120 amostras, utilizando o silicone Silastic MDX 4-4210, divididas em 4 grupos contendo 30 amostras cada, sendo GI - incolor, GII - pigmentado com pó de cerâmica, GIII – com adição de sulfato de bário (opacificador) e GIV- pigmentado com pó de cerâmica e sulfato de bário. Dez amostras de cada grupo foram desinfetadas com uma das três substâncias a seguir: pastilhas efervescentes a base de peróxido alcalino, sabão neutro ou clorexidina. O processo de desinfecção química foi realizado três vezes por semana, durante 60 dias. Após esse período, todas as amostras foram submetidas ao envelhecimento acelerado. Os testes de estabilidade dimensional, reprodução de detalhes e estabilidade de cor foram realizados no período inicial, após 60 dias de desinfecção e, nos intervalos de 252, 504 e 1008 horas de envelhecimento acelerado. As amostras foram analisadas em computador pelo sistema AutoCAD para verificação da alteração dimensional linear; e observadas em lupa estereoscópica para a análise da reprodução de detalhes. A estabilidade de cor foi verificada por meio de espectrofotometria de reflexão. Os valores obtidos nos testes de estabilidade dimensional e estabilidade cromática foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Para a análise da reprodução e manutenção de detalhes foi utilizado escore de 0 a 2. O fator desinfecção não influenciou estatisticamente nos valores de estabilidade dimensional, reprodução de detalhes e estabilidade de cor do silicone, independente da pigmentação. O envelhecimento acelerado provocou redução significativa nos valores de estabilidade dimensional após o período de 1008 horas, independente do desinfetante e da pigmentação. Quanto à reprodução de...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability, reproduction and maintenance of details and color stability of facial silicone, with different pigmentation, on the influence of the disinfection and accelerated aging. 120 samples were obtained, using Silastic MDX 4-4210 elastomer, divided in 4 groups with 30 samples: GI - colorless, GII - pigmented with ceramics, GIII - pigmented with barium sulfate opacifier, and GIV - pigmented with ceramics and barium sulfate opacifier. Ten samples of each group was submitted to the disinfection with effervescent tablets, with neutral soap or 4% chlorhexidine, three times a week during 60 days. After this period all samples were taken to a chamber of accelerated aging for not metallic bodies. The tests of dimensional stability, maintenance of the details, and color stability were realized after the confection, disinfection and in the intervals of each cycle of accelerated aging (252, 504 e 1008 hours). Samples were analyzed, in computer by the AutoCAD system to verification of the linear dimensional alteration and observed, in stereoscopic magnifying glass for analysis of the reproduction of details. The color stability was analyzed by means of spectrophotometer. The dimensional alteration and color stability values had been submitted to the analysis of variance and Tukey test (p<0.05). For the analysis of detail reproduction, the 0 -2 scores were used It can be observed that the factor: chemical disinfection had no influenced statistically on dimensional stability, detail reproduction and color stability values. Accelerated aging had influenced statistically on dimensional stability values after 1008 hours. About detail reproduction, all samples exhibited score 2 for all analyzed periods. Pigment and opacifier association was more stable for chromatic stability test in all analyzed periods. GIV group presented the best results for all disinfectant and accelerated aging periods. All values obtained are...